Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and its different phenotypes

Abstract

Heart Failure with Preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical condition that is characterised by a variety of variables that influence its start and progression. These factors include a variety of comorbidities. Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle of the heart can be caused by a wide number of different interactions between circulatory, metabolic, pulmonary, renal, and geriatric variables. Therefore, combined with the administration of sodium/glucose co-transporter type2 (ISGLT2) inhibitors in all patients, having a personalised treatment approach based on individual clinical profiles may represent the most effective means of improving the prognosis. This is because personalised therapeutic approaches are able to better target specific symptoms and conditions that patients are experiencing. In this study, we have analysed the most common phenotypes that should be considered in the management of HFpEF in order to optimise the usually challenging therapy of these patients.