Vaccination in cardiovascular prevention: a tool not always adequately appreciated

Abstract

Chronic coronary artery disease and heart failure remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Beyond traditional treatments, complementary strategies have emerged, with a significant impact on cardiovascular protection. This review analyzes the relationship between vaccines and the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The pathophysiological mechanisms that link respiratory infections with acute events such as myocardial infarction and stroke are explored, as well as the clinical evidence supporting the use of vaccines in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. Also addressed are reported adverse effects that, although rare, have generated media and scientific attention. Finally, the review examines vaccine resistance, its sociocultural causes, and the central role of health professionals in counteracting it. Vaccination is presented not only as a key tool for preventing infectious diseases, but also as an effective strategy for reducing the cardiovascular burden in vulnerable populations.

burden in high-risk populations.