Survey of overweight and hypertension in schoolchildren aged 11 and 12 years in the city of Rosario during the second term of 2023

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and hypertension (HTN) in 11- and 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Rosario during the second half of 2023. The study aimed to assess how anthropometric factors such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) contribute to cardiovascular risk in this population. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 337 children from 6th grade in different public and private schools in Rosario. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, etc.) and blood pressure measurements were taken by trained professionals. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics with SPSS 23.0 software. Results: Out of 337 children evaluated, 61.4% were overweight or obese. The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 108 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 68 mmHg, with 17.8% of children showing elevated BP. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of overweight and HTN between genders or types of schools, although some geographic differences were noted. Conclusions: The study shows a high prevalence of overweight, obesity, and hypertension in schoolchildren. It is urgent to implement preventive programs in schools to promote healthy habits and reduce future cardiovascular risks, especially in vulnerable areas. Public policies should combine efforts in health and education to improve children's well-being.